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Porovnání působení dusíkato-fosforečných hnojiv ve výživě pšenice ozimé a řepky ozimé
Večeřa, Radomír
The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess and compare the effect of spring nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization on the yield and qualitative parameters of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape. Small-plot experiments took place at Vatín in 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. The experimental variants of fertilization for both model crops were 1. Control, 2. NPS immunMax (12-10+11S), 3. GSH NP 15-5+20S, 4. CAN + Amofos (12-52) (3:1) and 5. CAN + Amofos (12-52) (1:1). The parameters used in the assessment of winter wheat were yield, bulk density, nitrogenous substances and wet gluten content, grain sedimentation value. Winter oilseed rape were assessed by observing the yield and the oil content of the seeds. Winter wheat was monitored for the influence of the two terms of application of NP fertilizers during tillering. Winter oilseed rape was monitored for the influence of fertilization with a 100% dose of N and the application of NP fertilizers during side-shoot formation stage and fertilization with a dose of 70% N and the application of NP fertilizers in begin of stem elongation. The weather in individual years of the experiment had a statistically significant effect on the yield and quality parameters of winter wheat. There were no significant differences between the variants of NP fertilization and the terms of spring application. In the case of winter oilseed rape, the effect of the weather in years of the experiment was proven only for the yield. There was no significant difference between the variants of NP fertilization. A significant effect on yield and oil content was proven between terms of application with different doses of N. In the long term, phosphorus fertilizing in the spring make sense due to low phosphorus content in soil or ensure the return of phosphorus taken by harvests, but no yield or quality effect was recorded during the two-year observation.
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Evaluation of winter oilseed rape yield of Pioneer company cultivars
DOSTÁL, Petr
This bachelor thesis deals with winter oilseed rape. The focus is placed on history, importance of cultivation, characteristics, yield creation and influencing factors. Attention is given to technology of winter oilseed rape cultivation, to selected oilseed hybrids of Pioneer company and to economy as well. The main chapter consists of the harvests results in the Czech Republic from 2014 until 2018. Another chapter is the response to the use of growth regulators in both semi-dwarf and normal straw hybrids. From the results of the thesis it was found out that the seed yields of semi-dwarf rape are comparable to those of normal straw hybrids. However, it strongly depends on the technology of cultivation and the climatic conditions of the given year and habitat as well.
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Method of testing of the seed traits and seedling development under abiotic stress conditions for selection of oilseed rape genetic resources
Bláha, Ladislav ; Vyvadilová, Miroslava
The method is based on laboratory tests of speed of seed germination, emergence and seedling growth under different stress conditions simulated by subnormal water level, extreme high and low temperatures. It allows to eliminate already at the seed level the plant materials (initial breeding materials and cultivars) which do not tolerate extreme temperatures and temperature changes during germination, have a low water use efficiency and are intolerant to abiotic stresors. It was confirmed that these genotypes have also poor field emergence and initial growth of roots with implications for further vegetation period, mainly for over wintering and spring regeneration what has significant influence on the yield. The method represents the tool for screening of genetic resources with the resistance to the abiotic stresors and this technology process is acceptable also for other crops.
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The influence of foliar inoculation with pathogens Leptoshaeria maculans and Leptoshaeria biglobosa on the health condition and the yield of winter oilseed rape
Plachká, E. ; Macháčková, I. ; Poslušná, J. ; Šerá, Božena
The aim of the work was to verify the influence of foliar inoculation of winter oilseed rape by pathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa, causing the phoma stem canker. In the spring of 2011 field screening tests were established on two localities in Opava and Chlumec nad Cidlinou to verify the methodological procedure. Field tests were established at four localities: Opava, Chlumec nad Cidlinou, Šumperk and Kujavy during the vegetation period of 2011/2012. We followed 13 materials of winter oilseed rape in two variants: untreated control and inoculated plots with L. maculans and L. biglobosa. Health condition of rape plants was evaluated according to the ÚKZÚZ methodology for testing of the utility value of rape varieties and the EPPO methodology for determination of fungi effectiveness. In the first year we found the significant higher incidence of disease and yield on the untreated control. In the second year the differences between inoculated and control plots were low. The significant differences in infestation and yield values among selected localities were found
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